ICS  03.080.99 CCS  A 20   中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 标 准 GB/T 44714—2024   养老机构　认知障碍友好环境设置导则 Senior care organization—Guidelines for cognitive impairment friendly environment configuration   2024-10-26 发布 2024-10-26 实施     国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发 布   GB/T 44714—2024   目　　次 前言   ·····································································································   Ⅲ 1     范围   ··································································································   1 2     规范性引用文件   ······················································································   1 3     术语和定义   ···························································································   1 4     总体原则   ······························································································   1      4.1     安全性   ···························································································   1      4.2     熟悉性   ···························································································   1      4.3     稳定性   ···························································································   1      4.4     私密性   ···························································································   2      4.5     可定向性   ·························································································   2      4.6     可感知性   ·························································································   2      4.7     可参与性   ·························································································   2 5     通用设置   ······························································································   2      5.1     平面布局   ·························································································   2      5.2     设施设备   ·························································································   2      5.3     物理环境   ·························································································   2      5.4     软装设计   ·························································································   3 6     居住空间   ······························································································   3 7     卫浴空间   ······························································································   4 8     交通空间   ······························································································   4 9     餐饮空间   ······························································································   5 10     活动空间   ····························································································   6   Ⅰ   GB/T 44714—2024   前　　言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1—2020《标准化工作导则　第 1 部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由中华人民共和国民政部提出。 本文件由全国社会福利服务标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC 315）归口。 本文件起草单位：河北普爱养老服务有限公司、清华大学建筑学院、中山大学社会学与人类学学 院、北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院、北京大学护理学院、民政部社会福利中心、河北省民政厅、 石家庄市民政局、石家庄市汇德养老评估服务中心、河北医科大学护理学院、河北医科大学第四医院、 中国电子工程设计院股份有限公司、河北医科大学第二医院、河北中医药大学护理学院、兰州大学护理 学院、江苏省产业技术研究院适老社会科技创新中心、河北省建筑设计研究院有限责任公司、北京清颐 人居建筑设计咨询有限公司、北京寸草春晖养老服务管理有限公司、石家庄市桥西区德仁社会工作事业 发展中心。 本文件主要起草人：黄胜伟、李邦华、孙文灿、郭彬彬、马雅欣、甄炳亮、高亚暄、安兰茹、周燕珉、 季若冰、邱婷、李佳婧、梁叶田、方芳、陈曦、高军、韩涵、蔡娜娜、龙建勇、马蕊、张瑞丽、李妍、 徐欣怡、李慧娟、田素斋、张美玲、陈灿、马玉霞、芮国兴、王小龙、温硕。     Ⅲ   GB/T 44714—2024   养老机构　认知障碍友好环境设置导则 1　范围   本文件确立了养老机构进行认知障碍友好环境设置时的总体原则，提供了通用设置以及在居住、卫 浴、交通、餐饮和活动等空间的设置指导。 本文件适用于养老机构中认知症照护单元的环境设置，也适用于一般养老机构促进老年人认知功能 发挥的环境设置。 2　规范性引用文件   下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文 件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用 于本文件。 JGJ/T 484　养老服务智能化系统技术标准 MZ/T 131　养老服务常用图形符号及标志 3　术语和定义   下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1　 认知障碍　cognitive impairment 一个或多个认知领域受到损害或出现功能下降。 注：认知领域包括复杂注意力、执行功能、学习与记忆、语言、感知—运动功能、社会认知。 3.2　 认知障碍友好环境　cognitive impairment friendly environment 为代偿或增进老年人的认知功能发挥所设置的特殊环境。 注：目的旨在提高认知障碍老年人的自主性与独立性，维护其个体尊严，促进其社会交往和有意义的参与。 4　总体原则   4.1　安全性   最大程度降低环境中可能导致老年人各类不良事件的风险因素，并对环境中的危险物品加以管控。 安全措施形式尽可能隐蔽，以维护老年人的尊严。 4.2　熟悉性   营造亲切、熟悉、个性化的居家式环境氛围，以满足老年人的个人喜好或延续其生活习惯。 4.3　稳定性   固定空间内设施设备的布局与位置，同时避免频繁更换居住单元与床铺位置。     1   GB/T 44714—2024   4.4　私密性   提供必要的遮挡或隔断以保证老年人休憩、如厕、洗浴时的个人隐私，并为有需要的老年人提供独 处与私密对话的空间。 4.5　可定向性   空间布局清晰简单，易于理解与辨识，并提供简明易懂的导向标识，以提升老年人时间与空间定向 的独立性。 4.6　可感知性   在视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉等感官刺激方面，增加环境中有益的刺激，减少有害或无用的刺激。 4.7　可参与性   提供丰富多样的活动空间与设施，支持与促进老年人发挥尚存功能，参与不同规模、形式与层次的 日常活动与社会交往。 5　通用设置   5.1　平面布局   5.1.1　宜采用小规模组团方式设置相对独立的认知症照护单元，每个单元不宜超过 20 人。 5.1.2　同时设置多个认知症照护单元时，其位置宜相互